Hypocapnia References
     

    Brain Bloodflow, Early Childhood, General, Sleep Apnea, Acid-Base background

    Brain Bloodflow

    1. Floyd TF, Clark JM, et al.  Independent cerebral vasoconstrictive effects of hyperoxia and accompanying arterial hypocapnia at 1 ATA. J Appl Physiol. 2003 Dec; 95(6): 2453-61  Abstract
    2. Scala R, Turkington PM, Wanklyn P, Bamford J, Elliott MW.  Effects of incremental levels of continuous positive airway pressure on cerebral blood flow velocity in healthy adult humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003 Jun; 104(6): 633-9  Abstract | Full Text 
    3. van Hulst RA, Lameris TW, Haitsma JJ, Klein J, Lachmann B.  Brain glucose and lactate levels during ventilator-induced hypo- and hypercapnia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2004 Jul; 24(4): 243-8.  Abstract 
    4. Yamashita K, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S, Kitani M, Tsunematsu T.  Effect of smoking on regional cerebral blood flow in the normal aged volunteers. Gerontology 1988; 34(4): 199-204  Abstract 

    Early childhood

    1. Erickson SJ, Grauaug A, Gurrin L, Swaminathan M.  Hypocarbia in the ventilated preterm infant and its effect on intraventricular haemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Dec; 38(6): 560-2   Abstract 
    2. Fritz KI, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M.   Mechanisms of injury to the newborn brain.   Clin Perinatol. 2006 Sep; 33(3): 573-91   Abstract 
    3. Klinger G, Beyene J, Shah P, Perlman M.  Do hyperoxaemia and hypocapnia add to the risk of brain injury after intrapartum asphyxia?  Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Jan; 90(1) :F49-52 Abstract 

    General

    1. Aufderheide TP, Lurie KG.  Death by hyperventilation: a common and life-threatening problem during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 2004 Sep; 32(9 Suppl): S345-51  Abstract 
    2. Bartlett D Jr, Knuth SL.  Influence of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on bladder contractions and their respiratory consequences.  Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2003 Mar 28; 134(3): 247-53.  Abstract
    3. Hanly P, Zuberi N, Gray R.  Pathogenesis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure. Relationship to arterial PCO2. Chest. 1993 Oct; 104(4): 1079-84.  Abstract
    4. Hayes, JA.  Respiratory Alkalosis.  eMedicine.com 2003, Apr  Full Text
    5. Hill, O ed. (Lum LC).   The syndrome of habitual chronic hyperventilation. Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Med 1976 Vol 3, Chapt 11. 196-230 
    6. Kavanagh B.  Normocapnia vs hypercapnia.  Minerva Anestesiol. 2002 May; 68(5): 346-50   Abstract
    7. Laffey JG, Engelberts D, Duggan M, Veldhuizen R, Lewis JF, Kavanagh BP. Carbon dioxide attenuates pulmonary impairment resulting from hyperventilation. Crit Care Med. 2003 Nov; 31(11): 2634-40  Abstract
    8. Laffey JG, Kavanagh BP.  Hypocapnia.  N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 4; 347(1): 43-53  Abstract
    9. Laffey JG, Kavanagh BP.  Carbon dioxide and the critically ill--too little of a good thing?  Lancet 1999 Oct 9, 354(9186): 1283-6 Abstract
    10. Ley R  The modification of breathing behavior.  Behav Modif   1999 Jul  23; (3): 441-79  Abstract
    11. Ley R.  Respiratory psychophysiology and the modification of breathing behavior.  Behav Modif  2003 Oct   27; (5): 603-6  Abstract
    12. Ley R ed.  Respiratory psychophysiology and the modification of breathing behavior.  Behav Modif  special issue 2001  Sep 25; (4): 491 - 666  Abstract
    13. Litchfield PM.  A Brief Overview of the Chemistry of Respiration and the Breathing Heart Wave.  Newsletter of BSC 2003 Spring; 19(1): 1-22  Full Text
    14. Lum LC.  Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry: a review.  J R Soc Med. 1987 Apr; 80(4): 229-31  Abstract
    15. Lum LC. "Total allergy syndrome" or fluctuating hypocarbia." Lancet 1982 Feb 27; 1(8270): 516  Abstract 
    16. Lum LC.  Total allergy.  Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Apr 3; 284(6321): 1044-5  Abstract
    17. Lum LC.  Hyperventilation and anxiety state.  J R Soc Med. 1981 Jan; 74(1); 1-4  Abstract
    18. Macefield G, Burke D.  Paraesthesiae and tetany induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Increased excitability of human cutaneous and motor axons. Brain 1991 Feb; 114 ( Pt 1B): 527-40  Abstract 
    19. Myrianthefs PM, Briva A, Lecuona E, et al.  Hypocapnic but not Metabolic Alkalosis Impairs Alveolar Fluid Reabsorption.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Mar 11  Abstract 
    20. Nardi AE, Valenca AM, Nascimento I, Zin WA.  Hyperventilation challenge test in panic disorder and depression with panic attacks.  Psychiatry Res. 2001 Dec 15; 105(1-2): 57-65.  Abstract 
    21. Naschitz JE, Mussafia-Priselac R, Kovalev Y, et al.  Patterns of hypocapnia on tilt in patients with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, nonspecific dizziness, and neurally mediated syncope.   Am J Med Sci. 2006 Jun; 331(6): 295-303.   Abstract 
    22. Nopmaneejumruslers C, Kaneko Y, Hajek V, et al.  Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in Stroke: Relationship to Hypocapnia and Occult Cardiac Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan 21 Abstract 
    23. Rutherford JJ, Clutton-Brock TH, Parkes MJ.  Hypocapnia reduces the T wave of the electrocardiogram in normal human subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Mar 10; Abstract 
    24. Tavel ME.  Hyperventilation syndrome--hiding behind pseudonyms? Chest. 1990 Jun; 97(6): 1285-8. Abstract 
    25. Terekhin P, Forster C.  Hypocapnia related changes in pain-induced brain activation as measured by functional MRI.   Neurosci Lett. 2006 May 29; 400(1-2): 110-4.  Abstract 
    26. Williams H, Freeman LJ, Nixon PG.  Hyperventilation and Raynaud's disease.   Postgrad Med J. 1987 May; 63(739): 377-9 Abstract

    Sleep Apnea

    1. Cherniack NS.  Apnea and periodic breathing during sleep. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 23; 341(13): 985-7.   Abstract 
    2. Delguste P, Aubert-Tulkens G, Rodenstein DO.   Upper airway obstruction during nasal intermittent positive-pressure hyperventilation in sleep.  Lancet 1991 Nov 23; 338(8778): 1295-7 Abstract 
    3. Dempsey JA, Smith CA, Przybylowski T, et al. The ventilatory responsiveness to CO(2) below eupnoea as a determinant of ventilatory stability in sleep. J Physiol. 2004 Oct 1; 560(Pt 1): 1-11  Abstract | Full Text 
    4. Kuna ST, McCarthy MP, Smickley JS.  Laryngeal response to passively induced hypocapnia during NREM sleep in normal adult humans. J Appl Physiol. 1993 Sep; 75(3): 1088-96.  Abstract
    5. Parthasarathy S, Tobin MJ.  Effect of ventilator mode on sleep quality in critically ill patients.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 1; 166(11): 1423-9  Abstract | Full Text
    6. Solin P, Roebuck T, Johns DP, Walters EH, Naughton MT.  Peripheral and central ventilatory responses in central sleep apnea with and without congestive heart failure.   Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Dec; 162(6): 2194-200  Abstract | Full Text
    7. Villiger PM, Hess CW, Reinhart WH.  Beneficial effect of inhaled CO2 in a patient with non-obstructive sleep apnoea.   J Neurol. 1993 Nov; 241(1): 45-8.   Abstract 
    8. Xie A, Skatrud JB, Khayat R, et al.   Cerebrovascular response to carbon dioxide in patients with congestive heart failure.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug 1; 172(3): 371-8.  Abstract 
    9. Xie A, Rankin F, Rutherford R, Bradley TD.  Effects of inhaled CO2 and added dead space on idiopathic central sleep apnea.  J Appl Physiol. 1997 Mar; 82(3): 918-26. Abstract | Full Text 

    Acid-Base background information
    • Gluck SL. Acid-base. (Review)  Lancet 1998 Aug 8 352(9126) 474-9  Abstract
    • Hood VL, Tannen RL. Protection of acid-base balance by pH regulation of acid production.   N Engl J Med 1998 Sep 17 339(12) 819-26 Abstract

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